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Oxlip
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Primula elatior |
| 15 20cm tall with pale yellow drooping primrose flowers from April May. A native of East Anglia, growing best in damp leafy shade. |
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Primrose
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Primula vulgaris |
| Do we need to describe it? This, to me, is the herald of spring, easily my favourite flower. Alas, becoming rare as our woods and waysides disappear. Pollinated by night flying insects, moths etc., a must for any wild area. Food plant of the Pearl Bordered Yellow Underwing, Lesser Yellow Underwing, Double Square Spot, Ingrained Clay, Triple Spotted Clay, Green Arches, Gothic, Riband Wave, Plain Clay and Twin spot Carpet moths. |
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Red Campion
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Silene dioica |
| 30 45cm tall with pink red flowers May July. Food plant of the Campion, Lychnis, Twin Spot Carpet and Marbled Clover moths. |
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Barren Strawberry
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Potentilla sterilis |
| 5 15cm tall hairy perennial, good in dry shade or dry sunny grassland. Often found at woodland edges, but usually on calcareous soils. White flowers from early spring and seeds like a strawberry without the fruit! |
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Creeping Jenny
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Lysimachia nummularia |
| 10cm tall, but often creeping stems reach 60cm long. The bright yellow flowers appear in early April June. Usually found in wet woods or other damp shady places. |
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Dog Violet
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Viola riviniana |
| 10 15cm tall with purple flowers April June. Food plant of the Silver Washed Fritillary, High Brown Fritillary, Small Pearl Bordered Fritillary, Pearl Bordered Fritillary and Dark Green Fritillary butterflies. |
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Dog's Mercury
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Mercuralis perennis |
| Rhizomatous perennial of woods and hedgerows. An indicator species of ancient woodland. Green flowers February April. |
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Enchanter's Nightshade
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Circaea lutetiana |
| 30 45cm tall patch forming perennial, spreading by creeping rhizomes, but not invasive. White flowers June September and seeds with hooked bristles spread by small mammals. The food plant of the Small Phoenix Moth. |
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Figwort
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Scrophularia nodosa |
| 30 60cm tall, good spreading plant for shade or semi shade. Tiny maroon and green flowers June September in small clusters. Once established, will flower continuously. Pollinated by wasps. |
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Foxglove
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Digitalis purpurea |
| 100 200cm spires of purple red flowers June August. Food plant of the Frosted Orange, Heath Fritillary, Lesser Yellow Underwing and Foxglove Pug Moth. |
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Giant Bellflower
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Campanula latifolia |
| Tall perennial to 1 metre, growing in wet woods, on river and streamsides. Large blue bellflowers July August. |
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Greater Stitchwort
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Stellaria holostea |
| Scrambling slender stems and star like tiny flowers April June. A good early flower for shady damp banks. Food plant of the Marsh Pug Moth. |
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Gromwell
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Lithospermum officinale |
| 30 45cm tall perennial member of the Borage family with creamy white flowers May July. Grow in bushy, woodland edge type conditions. |
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Ground Ivy
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Glechoma hederacea |
| Excellent ground cover for shady places, spreading by runners over extensive distances. Evergreen leaves for year round cover and small lilac flowers March May. The food plant of the Checkered Skipper Butterfly. |
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Hedge Woundwort
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Stachys sylvatica |
| 30 60cm tall magenta purple flowers throughout summer. The nettle shaped leaves smell strongly of garlic and the plant will spread by rooting runners. The food plant of the Rosy Rustic and Plain Golden Y, and Subangled Wave moths. |
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Herb Robert
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Geranium robertianum |
| 15 30cm tall rosy pink flowers from early spring onwards. The leaves can be green through the shades of pink, brown to bright scarlet. |
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Martagon Lily
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Lilium martagon |
| A bulbous perennial introduced and naturalized in damp woodland in many parts of the British Isles. Flower stems up to 1 metre high. Purple nodding flowers with dark markings, sweetly scented. |
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Moschatel
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Adoxa moschatellina |
| A delicate perennial forming carpets in damp woodland. Also called Townhall Clock, because the flowers are at right angles to each other like clock faces. Green flowers April May. |
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Nettle leaved Bellflower
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Campanula trachelium |
| 30 45cm tall with dark blue flowers July September. Needs a shady woodland condition for best growth and will soon form a colony. |
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White Dead nettle
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Lamium album |
| 15 40cm tall spreading by underground stems, to form large clumps. Lovely white flowers throughout the year loved by bumblebees. Food plant of the Broad Bordered Yellow Underwing, Golden Spangle, Plain Golden Y, Plain Burnished Y, Burnished Brass, Brown Spot Pinion and Setaceous Hebrew Character moths. |
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Wood Avens
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Geum urbanum |
| 30cm tall with yellow flowers followed by hairy 'raspberry' seed heads. The seed heads provide valuable food for small mammals. Food plant of the Riband Wave Moth. |
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Wood Cranesbill
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Geranium sylvaticum |
| 30 60cm tall perennial of woods and hedgebanks in the south and wet meadows of the north. Bright purple magenta flowers April June. |
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Wood Forgetmenot
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Myosotis sylvatica |
| 30 50cm tall hairy perennial of woods, scree and rock ledges in Central and Northern Britain. Bright blue flowers from May onwards occasionally all summer. |
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Wood Sorrel
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Oxalis acetosella |
| A low creeping perennial of humus rich woods and hedgebanks throughout Britain. White with purple markings or sometimes pale pink flowers April May. |
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Wood Speedwell
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Veronica montana |
| Low creeping perennial of damp woodland. Flowers pale lilac blue April July. A good ground cover plant for shade. |
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Woodruff
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Galium odoratum |
| 15 30cm spreading ground cover plant. Delicate stems and shining star like white flowers. The whole plant smells deliciously when dry, hence was used in medieval times as a mattress filling for the gentry! |
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Yellow Archangel
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Lamiastrum galeobdolon |
| Creeping perennial with long runners that root only occasionally. Bright lemon flowers April July. The whole plant is strongly scented. Found in damp woods on heavy soils throughout Britain. |
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Yellow Pimpernell
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Lysimachia nemorum |
| Low creeping perennial of damp shady places. Evergreen with bright yellow flowers from late spring throughout summer, and in woodland a second flowering in autumn after leaves have fallen from trees and light penetrates to the ground. |
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Bluebell
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Hyacinthoides non scripta |
| 45 to 60cm tall perennial bulb of woodland. Blue flowers April to May. Now a protected species, which we are growing from seed. Can take 3 years to flower so patience is needed |
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Sanicle
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Sanicula europaea |
| Short to medium height hairless perennial with shiny green, palmately lobed leaves. Pinkish or whitish green flowers borne in tight uneven umbels May to August. Native to deciduous woodlands, particularly Ash, Beech or Oak. A very shade tolerant plant, often forming colonies |
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Wood Sage
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Teucrium scorodonia |
| 30cm tall with yellowish green flowers June to September. Crinkled leaves, smelling of garlic. Food plant of the Twin Spot Carpet moth and Heath Fritillary butterfly. |
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Navelwort
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Umbilicus rupestris |
| 10 to 40cm tuberous perennial with round, shiny, fleshy leaves. The creamy yellow flowers on a dense single spike appear in June to August. Native of rock crevices, and walls, found mostly in western Gt. Britain, but occasional in the east. Food plant of Weavers Wave moth. |
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Ransoms
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Allium ursinum |
| 30 to 45cm tall bulbous perennial with white flowers May to June. Whole plant smells of garlic. Frequent in damp woods over most of Britain. |
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Sweet Cicely
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Myrrhis odorata |
| 45 to 100cm tall, small white umbels of flowers, May to June above lime green foliage. The leaves are used with rhubarb to reduce tartness! |
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Early Dog Violet
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Viola reichenbachiana |
| 20cm tall perennial of woods and hedgerows. Blue purple flowers with darker spur, March to May. Food plant of the Fritillary butterflies |
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